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Powering the Next Generation: SiC and GaN in Wide Bandgap Applications

The Dynamic Past and Bright Future of Wide Bandgap

Since the 1950s, silicon transistors have reigned supreme in the power transistor domain, but in many cases they have now reached their limitations. As we step into the second decade of the 21st century, a transformative shift is underway. Enter wide bandgap (WBG) devices - compound semiconductor materials heralding a new frontier in power electronics, cultivated since the 1960s and poised for market integration.

Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GaN), the flagships of WBG technology, have emerged as game-changers. Despite their promise, the journey with these materials hasn't been without challenges. Overcoming hurdles in production and processing, such as the formidable hardness and elevated melting temperatures of SiC, has been essential for advancing economical wafer production technologies.

As global energy trends pivot towards renewable sources like photovoltaics and wind power, the demand for energy-efficient electronics has surged. Enter wide bandgap semiconductors as the solution, promising reduced losses and amplified yields, perfectly aligning with the quest for sustainable energy solutions.

Getting the right device

Selecting the optimal device is paramount. The fusion of architecture and technology holds the key to unlocking those critical extra percentages in efficiency, differentiating between good and exceptional solutions. At Avnet Silica, alongside our extensive network of suppliers and development partners, we're dedicated to identifying the right WBG building blocks. Our focus is on empowering you to swiftly bring your applications to market with peak performance and efficiency. We don't just speak Power; we enable it.

SiC & GaN - Powering Tomorrow

Silicon Carbide (SiC), and Gallium Nitride (GaN) are semiconductor materials that play crucial roles in powering various technologies of tomorrow, particularly in the fields of electronics, renewable energy, and power management.

Silicon Carbide (SiC) benefits:

  • SiC offers superior electrical properties compared to Si, such as higher breakdown voltage, higher thermal conductivity, and better temperature stability.
  • These properties make SiC ideal for high-power and high-frequency applications, including power electronics, electric vehicles (EVs), and renewable energy systems.
  • SiC-based devices enable higher efficiency and power density, leading to smaller and lighter power systems with reduced energy losses. This is particularly important for EVs, where extended range and faster charging are essential.

Gallium Nitride (GaN) benefits:

  • GaN exhibits remarkable electronic properties, including high electron mobility and a wide bandgap, which allow for the development of high-speed, high-power electronic devices.
  • GaN-based transistors and diodes are revolutionizing power electronics, enabling efficient energy conversion in applications like data centers, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems.
  • GaN technology offers advantages such as smaller size, lower weight, and higher efficiency compared to traditional silicon-based solutions, leading to more compact and energy-efficient power systems.

Featured SiC & GaN Resources

Power trends and the choice between Si, SiC and GaN

For power switching and supply applications, when should designers choose a WBG alternative, and how can they evaluate the trade-offs compared to silicon devices? There is no single answer, and in practice it depends on the requirements and commercial considerations of each use case. Some design engineers may be reluctant to adopt WBG devices, but the benefits often outweigh any disadvantages.

In this article, we will examine these issues, and the design challenges of some of the most critical power applications – and why you might choose silicon or WBG devices in each case.

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Combining GaN and SiC for cost-effective power conversion (MM)

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Combining GaN and SiC for cost-effective power conversion

Make no mistake, SiC and GaN can outperform silicon, but they do have limitations and discrete devices are currently more expensive than their silicon counterparts. There are operating conditions when they do outperform silicon, and where SiC is better than GaN (or vice versa). Knowing why becomes an important consideration.

There are practical difficulties with using wide bandgap devices to make cost-effective and reliable products. For the best overall result, OEMs should consider combinations of the technologies, even including silicon in the mix. This article evaluates some of the issues and solutions.

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When GaN is too fast for your application, consider SiC (MM)

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When GaN is too fast for your application, consider SiC

In the world of semiconductor power switches, there is a belief that faster is better. Right now, Gallium Nitride (GaN) devices are the front-runners, with switching rates of over 100V/ns and 1A/ns. At these speeds, slewing from zero to, say, 400V in a typical power converter application takes just a few nanoseconds.

Using SiC MOSFETs at relatively low frequencies instead of GaN can make sense as dynamic losses are low anyway, especially if the circuit is a resonant type. In this case, the absence of reverse recovery losses in GaN is also not of value. Both GaN and SiC will have higher and approximately equal body conduction losses in reverse compared with a Si-MOSFET. SiC will also need some effort to slow down and control edge rates – it is still much faster than silicon – but it will be easier to tame.

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Understand practical GaN and SiC differences for EV onboard chargers (MM)

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Practical GaN & SiC differences for EV onboard chargers

The debate continues around choosing wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors over standard silicon, particularly in power conversion applications. The main advantage put forward is the higher switching efficiency of gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide (SiC) devices.

As average selling prices approach parity, the main consideration may become the practical implementation. Is it viable to design power converters using both device types, and what would that do to the overall system cost?

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Featured power solutions

STMicroelectronics MASTERGAN1 (GBL)

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STMicroelectronics

MASTERGAN1

QFN/ High power density half-bridge high voltage driver with two 650V enhancement

ON Semiconductor NTBG020N090SC1 (GBL)

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onsemi

NTBG020N090SC1

MOSFET – SiC Power, Single N-Channel, D2PAK-7L, 900 V, 20 m, 112 A

STMicroelectronics SCT20N170AG (GBL)

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STMicroelectronics

SCT20N170AG

Automotive-grade silicon carbide Power MOSFET 1700 V, 43 A, 64 mOhm (typ., Tj = 25 C) in an HiP247 package

ON Semiconductor NCV57000DWR2G (GBL)

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onsemi

NCV57000DWR2G

MOSFET and Power Driver 7.8A Single Hi/Lo Side Inverting/Non-Inverting 16-Pin SOIC T/R

A wide selection gives you the power to choose

Build or buy? Custom design or off-the-shelf supply? These are some of the questions you’ll consider as you design power into your system. Avnet’s broad offering gives you the ability to weigh the power solution options with our team and decide what works best for you.

 

Avnet Silica - Delivering What's Next in Power Electronics

Other Resources

White Paper

GaN or SiC devices in High-Voltage switching technologies

“What do GaN and SiC bring to power electronics systems, that IGBT, MOSFET and Super Junction MOSFET don’t?” Find out the answers to this and many more in our whitepaper.

Free Whitepaper: GaN or SiC devices in High-Voltage switching technologies

Webinar

Wide bandgap semiconductor application testing

In this Webinar we will show you how parametric testing and reliability investigations of these devices are done at onsemi and the importance of these tests for applications.

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Webinar

Silicon Carbide devices and suitable gate drivers for industrial

In this session you will learn about the latest Silicon Carbide (SiC) devices from ST, as well as a short term technology roadmap. In addition, some particularities of ST SiC MOSFETs will be discussed.

STMicroelectronics Webinar - man interacting with webinar wearing headphones

Grid Box Dark - Design Hub Power Electronics

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Tools

Design Hub

Browse and review hundreds of proven reference designs to accelerate your design process. Try our AVAIL design tool and then export it to your CAD tool of choice.

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Grid Box Dark - Power Simulation Power Electronics

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Tools

Power Simulation

Get familiar with the tools that can help evaluate design ideas faster with our Power Simulation tools.

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Markets

AI/ML Solutions

Avnet Silica focuses on machine learning on the edge, in the cloud, and on-premises and supports customers in understanding and building their machine learning application. We make your devices smarter.

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