Power level: 10 kW – 30+ kW; value drivers: system cost, efficiency / operating range
Parameters:
High power LEVs can be separated from the rest of lower power LEVs by the following characteristics:
- power levels: 10 kW – 30+ kW
- voltage range: 48 V – 144 V
- mostly four-wheelers with space for carry-on items (e.g. used for material handling in industrial surroundings, passenger transportation with any sort of baggage)
- value drivers: system cost, efficiency / operating range
Target applications:
- E-forklifts
- Light utility vehicles (LUVs)
- Low speed electric vehicles (LSEVs / MicroEVs)
- E-motorbikes
- Golf carts
High power LEVs are named differently depending on the country of jurisdiction. In China, they are known as small EV cars, low speed EV cars, or micro EV cars. In the European Union four-wheeled microcars are categorized as quadricycles, and in the US as neighborhood electric vehicles.
The category of high power LEVs also covers some ‘off-highway’ electric vehicles, such as material handling equipment, golf carts, and people movers. For these applications, an increased operating range is needed to prevent interruptions in the flow of materials and people.
Downturns of the global trend:
- Negative environmental effects resulting from the extensive use of lead-acid batteries
- Lack of regulations for LSEV manufacturers leads to substandard safety performance
- Suboptimal acceleration and fairly low top speed levels
- Violations of traffic regulations as controls are difficult given the non-existence of legal obligations for specific documentation, neither for the driver nor the LSEVs (e.g. driving in bike lanes)
As consequence, the Chinese government is the first to take drastic measures limiting the proliferation of low quality LSEVs. Instead of using lead-acid batteries manufacturers are encouraged to focus on lithium-ion battery versions with extended operating range and improved battery power densities, along with mandatory safety tests.
Infineon’s solutions respond exactly to these latest developments in the field. They enable LSEV manufacturers to upgrade their product portfolio with the shortest time to market. More precisely, they extend the battery life time of e-forklifts, LSEVs and e-motorbikes while providing robust performance at competitive costs. Via a modular approach a wide range of application voltages and power levels can be covered. The customer is offered a vast assortment of products for almost the entire LEV-system including motor control units, hydraulic units, and air conditioning units (depending on the specific application).
System diagram: high power low speed electric vehicle (LSEV)
![Diagram of High Power LSEV Diagram of High Power LSEV](/wcm/connect/cf4fd197-eb7f-46c9-bc4f-d14bf60131bd/High+Power+LSEV_BD_05.02.2019.jpg?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE-cf4fd197-eb7f-46c9-bc4f-d14bf60131bd-mF-iQmv)
Click here to enlarge diagram
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Power level: 1 kW - 10 kW; value drivers: system cost, power density
Low power LEVs can be separated from the rest of higher power LEVs by the following characteristics:
- power level: 1 kW – 10 kW
- voltage range: 24 V – 72 V
- two- and three-wheelers
- main purpose: short distance passenger transport
- value drivers: system cost, power density
Target applications:
- E-scooters (standing / self-balancing and folding types)
- E-bikes
- E-rickshaws / E-three-wheelers
In contrast to the relatively small volumes of EVs, millions of electrified two-wheelers have already been sold worldwide. Especially in emerging Asian markets (India, Indonesia, Vietnam, etc.), where two-wheelers are considered by many as the “family car”, a fast transition to electric versions is noticeable. Why? The environmentally friendly vehicles offer a very high degree of mobility combined with convenience and other fun factors. All that at much lower initial and operational costs compared to typical EVs. Emission-free driving versus congested city traffic – governments around the globe are alerted that it is time for greener politics in favor of light e-mobility (e.g. supporting innovative concepts such as dockless e-scooter sharing services or downtown traffic area accessible only via e-two-wheelers).
Top performance versus cost optimization
When it comes to high volume production, the range and speed of low power LEV applications are distinguishing factors. No matter if customers work on designs with either top performance targets or rather concentrate on cost optimization, Infineon is prepared to deliver the products they require. With best-in-class solutions for motor control, our customers may maximize levels of space and/or volume savings (e.g. essential for two-wheelers). StrongIRFET™ MOSFETs, to the contrary, are to be chosen for the development of cost optimized solutions whenever space and weight do not form limiting parameters (e.g. for three-wheelers).
iMOTION™ - Digital motor control for e-bikes and e-scooters (see also recommended products)
One particular set of products suitable for low power two-wheelers such as e-bikes and folding e-scooters are Infineon’s iMOTION™ motor control ICs. Integrated into these ICs are all the control and analog interface functions required for sensor-less, field-oriented control (FOC) of PM motors using DC link or leg shunt current measurements. In addition, they feature Infineon’s patented and field-proven motor control engine (MC E) that eliminates software coding from the motor control algorithm development process. Implementing a variable speed drive is reduced to configuring the MCE for the respective motor. Assisted by powerful tools like MCEWizard and MCEDesigner it is possible to have the motor up and running in less than an hour. By comprising both, the required hardware and software to perform sensor-less control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), iMOTION™ ICs provide the highest energy efficient motor system with the lowest system cost for the named applications.
System diagram: low power light electric vehicles (e.g. e-bike, e-scooter, e-rickshaw)
![Image of Low power LEVs block diagram Image of Low power LEVs block diagram](/wcm/connect/e773e945-ae50-4a1d-b63e-84f657ac5d05/Low%2Bpower%2BLEVs_BD_05.02.2019.jpg?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE-e773e945-ae50-4a1d-b63e-84f657ac5d05-oMlTHz2)
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Further information